Tunable optical filter
Optical signals are generated, transported along optical fibers and detected to regenerate the original electronic signal with as little change as possible. Optical fibers are combined with electronic signal processing to obtain a lower cost and higher quality digital transmission. Optical fiber filters are important components for such fiber optic systems. In many optical applications, it is desirable to use a tunable optical filter to modulate the intensity of narrow-band light. Tunable optical filters are useful in situations requiring spectral analysis of an optical signal. They are often in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems. WDM is a technique in fiber-optic transmission for using multiple light wavelengths (colors) to send data over the same medium, or to transmit two or more colors of light on one fiber, or to simultaneously transmit several signals in an optical waveguide at differing wavelengths. WDM systems transmit multiple spectrally separated channels through a common optical fiber. This yields concomitant increases data throughput that can be obtained from a single optical fiber. A tunable optical device is a device for wavelength selection such as in an add/drop multiplexer (ADM) which enables data to enter and leave an optical network bit stream without having to demultiplex the stream. A tunable optical filter, which is a bandpass filter, is typically made up of two partially reflective mirrors or surfaces separated by a gap to form a cavity. Devices with this structure are called etalons. A tunable optical filter produces a change in a bulk index of the filter material of the filter, i.e., the filter material, with a change of the signal applied across the filter, and hence of the wavelength of light transmitted through or diffracted from the filter is changed. The spectral characteristics of a tunable optical filter are generally determined by the reflectivity and gap spacing (cavity length) of the mirrors or surfaces.
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