Optical isolator
An optical isolator is an irreversible optical element that transmits an optical signal with almost no attenuation in a forward direction and prevents transmission of the optical signal in a reverse direction by dispersing the light. The purpose of an optical isolator is to eliminate unwanted or reflected optical signals from interfering with a desired optical function. Optical depolarizers, optical combiners, and optical isolators are commonly used in optical communication systems and optical measurement systems. An optical depolarizer changes a beam of completely polarized light or a beam of partially polarized light into a beam of depolarized light. An optical combiner combines two beams of light into one beam of light. An optical isolator is a device generally designed to allow a beam of light to pass through the device in a chosen direction and to prevent the beam of light from passing through the device in the opposite of that chosen direction. Optical isolators allow light to travel in one direction, while blocking light traveling in an opposite direction. The optical isolator utilizes a phenomenon that an electromagnetic wave propagating parallel to a magnetic field in a dielectric effected by the magnetic field gradually rotates on a polarized surface thereof using the Faraday effect generally seen in a special dielectric in a magnetic filed. This type of optical isolator generally has a polarizer, a Faraday rotator element and an analyzer arranged in this order along the optical path, with a permanent magnet, adapted to apply a magnetic field along the optical path to the Faraday rotator element, provided outside the Faraday rotator element. Optical isolators have been utilized in a variety of optical systems to reduce reflections that adversely effects the operation of the systems, such as by disrupting the oscillation of a laser and/or interfering with in-line optical amplifiers.
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