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Fiber optic cable

Fiber optic cable is a well known media for transmission of an optical signal from a source of the optical signal to a receiver for that signal. Fiber optic cables include optical waveguides such as optical fibers that transmit optical signals, for example, voice, video, and/or data information. Optical fibers provide a well-known medium for conveying information in data and communications systems, such as computer and telephone networks. Optical fibers are very small diameter glass strands which are capable of transmitting an optical signal over great distances, at high speeds, and with relatively low signal loss as compared to standard wire or cable networks. The light transmission capability of optical fibers is greatest when the fibers are straight, because they are subject to signal attenuation with bending. Fiber optic cables are currently being used throughout the aerospace and communications industries. These cables are typically employed in computerized equipment and communications applications where space and/or weight restrictions make traditional copper wiring systems inappropriate. Since fiber optic cables do not produce electromagnetic interference and are not susceptible to radio frequency interference, they have become more desirable in computer systems and avionic systems in which noise interference can cause malfunction thereof. Moreover, fiber optic cable transmission systems have an additional advantage of having lower power requirements than electrical wire transmission lines of comparable data transmission capabilities. One of the most important applications of fiber optic technology is in the long-haul transmission of communications signals, where an electrical (usually digital) signal from a communications signal source is modulated onto a light wave and transported via a fiber optic connection to a receiver where the electrical signal is recovered through a demodulation process. In telecommunications fiber optic cable is often utilized to transmit large volumes of telecommunications data encoded within light passing through the fiber optic cable. Optical fiber cables are typically composed of a variety of linear elements which are terminated and constrained linearly with respect to each other. These elements may include the optical fiber itself, tubular sheathing materials, linear strength members, and outer layers for sealing the other elements from environmental damage from rain or other moisture. Fiber optic cables are generally buried under ground and typically constructed in a tubular fashion with numerous fiber optic conductors surrounded by a conductive ground shield which is in turn surrounded by a protective jacket of tough flexible plastic or rubber.

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