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Temperature sensor

Temperature sensors are used to measure temperature in circuits which control a wide variety of equipment. Various processes require temperature monitoring for effective control. Such processes include manufacturing processes, transportation, security, maintenance, and other types of processes during which monitoring the thermal characteristics of devices is necessary or advisable. Temperature sensors are widely used in many fields, such as household electrical appliances and medical appliances. They are also used in mobile communication equipment, for example, cellular phones. Many different types of temperature sensors are commercially available. Temperature sensors having temperature-dependent properties which can be measured electrically include resistors, semiconductor devices such as diodes, and thermocouples. A common type of temperature sensor utilizes a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) silicon detector which has a resistance that varies in relation to the ambient temperature. Thus, the sensors can be connected to a control circuit to provide an input signal which indicates ambient temperature. The resistance temperature detector (RTD) takes advantage of the principal that the resistivity of metals is dependent upon temperature. A resistance thermometer has a sensing resistor having an electrical resistance varying with temperature. The temperature sensor is driven by a constant current source in order to develop voltages across the changing resistance of the sensing resistor. The thermistor is a temperature sensitive resistor and is generally composed of semi-conductor materials. The integrated circuit temperature sensor has also been used to measure temperatures. The integrated circuit sensor typically employs an integrated diode whose output characteristics are dependent upon temperature. Temperature sensing in high temperature environments such as automotive vehicle exhaust systems, is typically done using thermistors constructed of materials capable of withstanding the high temperature environment. Digital temperature sensors are typically used to generate a temperature reference for the circuits on the chip or other integrated chips.


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