Temperature controller
In the fields of industrial and scientific process control, there are many situations in which it is necessary to maintain precise control over one or more parameters, such as temperature. The control of temperature is both necessary and commonplace in industry. Temperature controllers are used abundantly to regulate temperatures across a broad range of applications from controlling the temperature of a general working area to heating and cooling specific devices to temperature extremes. As is well known, semiconductor devices are widely used in various electronic components and devices such as transistors, and integrated circuits. The semiconductor devices are highly temperature-dependent. It is necessary to effect highly accurate temperature control on certain semiconductor devices such as a semiconductor laser which must be as free as possible from output power changes dependent on temperature variations. Many different types of temperature controllers are known. A temperature controller comprised of a temperature-sensing device and an output-power adjusting device is often employed in an electrical heating device, such as a tempura pot, a frying pan, and a chafing dish. In temperature controllers for temperature conditioning apparatus such as a controller for controlling the operation of the burner of a boiler, a sensor unit is inserted into the water jacket of the boiler. The sensor unit has a temperature responsive element for controlling the operation of the heating apparatus and often a thermal fuse which would protect the boiler from reaching too high a temperature. Automatic temperature control requires a feedback control system in which the controlled variable is the magnitude of the temperature. In automatic temperature control systems the controlled temperature is measured by means of a temperature-measuring instrument whose output or reading is compared to a desired or reference setting. If a difference exists between the measured and desired temperature, a correction is applied to an actuator which increases or decreases the amount of heat supplied to the process.
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