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Eddy current proximity sensor

Proximity sensors are used in various facets of manufacturing for detecting the approach of metal objects. Eddy current sensors are well known and operate on the principle that the impedance of an ac-excited electrical coil is subject to change as the coil is brought in close proximity to a metallic object. Eddy current proximity sensors generally comprise a sensor coil, a multi-frequency generator for conducting high frequency alternating current through the coil in order to generate a fluctuating electromagnetic field, and a circuit for measuring the amount of impedance experienced by an alternating current as it flows through the coil windings. Eddy current sensors typically include Pot cores or U-type core, a coil wound around the center post of the core or the core legs, and an oscillator for producing an oscillating electromagnetic field around the coil. The eddy current sensor detects the presence of a conducting object by measuring the real and imaginary AC losses of the coil. Analog eddy current proximity systems which analyze and monitor rotating and reciprocating machinery typically include a proximity probe located proximate a target object being monitored, an extension cable and analog conditioning circuitry. The eddy-current sensors are limited to applications that rely on a very large change in field disturbance to kill an oscillator. A killed oscillator circuit requires a large change in reactance. Therefore, the size of a detected object needs to be large thereby yielding a coarse resolution system.

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