Position sensor
A position sensor is a device designed to be actuated by a moving part, either because of the shape of its plunger or because of the force required to actuate it. Position sensing is used to allow an electrical circuit to gain information about an event or a continuously varying condition. The position sensor produces data that may be expressed as an electrical signal that varies as the position of the mechanical component changes. Electrical position sensors are an important part of innumerable products. For example, position sensors allow the status of various automotive actuations and processes to be monitored and controlled electronically. Angular and linear position sensors are widely used in automatic control systems as feedback-sensing devices in one or more control loops of the system. There are a variety of known techniques for angular position sensing. For example, optical, electrical, electrostatic, and magnetic fields can be used in a sensor to measure position. Non-contacting position sensors are devices that generate change to an electronically interrogated physical parameter that is proportional to the movement of a structure, such as, for example, an actuator shaft operatively coupled to the sensor. Magnetic position sensors generate a change in electronic signal output that is proportional to the sensed movement of a mechanical component, such as a control shaft or rotor in the case of rotational position sensors or a carrier mechanism or linkage in the case of linear position sensors. Magnetic position sensors are generally a non-contact type of sensor and consist of a magnetic field sensing device which is usually stationary and a magnet that is attached to a moving component. Potentiometers are contact type sensors which detect a change in an electrical signal due to the physical change in position of a wiping contact on a resistive element.
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