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Oxygen sensor

Oxygen sensors are employed in various applications to determine the oxygen content for a stream of gas as it flows past the sensor. One example of such an application is the use of an oxygen sensor mounted in the exhaust stream from an internal combustion engine. Automotive vehicles with an internal combustion engine have an exhaust system including a pathway for exhaust gas to move away from the engine. The oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas of an engine has a direct relationship to the air-to-fuel ratio of the fuel mixture supplied to the engine. An adjustment of an air-fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine is very important for realizing the saving of energy and purification of exhaust gas. As a result, oxygen sensors are used in automotive internal combustion control systems to provide accurate oxygen concentration measurements of automobile exhaust gases for determination of optimum combustion conditions, maximization of fuel economy, and management of exhaust emissions. An oxygen sensor installed in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine has generally such a structure that both an inner and an outer surfaces of a zirconia element are coated with porous platinum electrodes, detects whether the air-fuel ratio is rich or lean as-compared with the theoretical air-fuel ratio on the basis of the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, and transmits a signal to an ECU (electronic control unit). An oxygen sensor comprises an ionically conductive solid electrolyte material, a sensing electrode that is exposed to the exhaust gas and reference electrode that is exposed to a reference gas, such as air or oxygen, at known partial pressure. The solid electrolyte oxygen sensor uses zirconia stabilized by calcia, yttria, etc. as an oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte, and has electrodes on both surfaces of this solid electrolyte. A semiconductor type (titania type) oxygen sensor which utilizes electron conductivity of oxide semiconductors. The semiconductor oxygen sensor detects the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas by utilizing the property of the titania device as an oxide semiconductor in that its electric resistance changes depending on the oxygen concentration.

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