Optical sensor
Electro-optical devices such as passive optical sensors offer safe, accurate operation in hostile environments of heat and temperature, and are immune to electromagnetic interference. These advantages combine to make optically based sensors attractive for a number of applications. Optical sensors are utilized extensively in modern technology. Optical sensors for determining the concentration of a gas such as carbon dioxide in the air are used in fire alarms. Their function is based on the fact that a sensitive layer of the sensor changes color reversibly upon contact with the gas to be determined. This change of color is recorded by a detector, and when a predetermined minimum concentration is exceeded, an alarm is triggered. Optical sensors are commonly used as linear image sensors or area image sensors that convert images produced by facsimiles, copiers, video cameras, and digital cameras into electrical signals. An optical sensor detects light or rays by receiving light or rays radiated from an object to be measured at a photosensitive surface of its photo-detection element. Optical sensors constructed using semiconductor light-receiving elements are broadly divided into CCD optical sensors and CMOS optical sensors, based on the different methods according to which charges generated at light-receiving sections by the irradiation with light are transmitted to output amplifiers. Optical temperature detectors measure the light radiated by objects to determine the temperature of the objects, without contacting the object. Such devices have great flexibility and can be utilized in various applications measuring critical temperatures during glass and plastic manufacturing processes. Sensors that use fiber optics to provide sensor power and/or transmit sensed information are known. Fiber optic-based acoustic sensors represent promising alternatives to conventional electronic sensors. Advantages of fiber optic sensors include high sensitivity, large dynamic range, lightweight and compact size. An optical sensor system includes an optical detector. Light from a viewed scene is incident upon the optical detector. The optical detector converts the incident light into a signal, typically an electrical signal, that is processed to gain information about the scene.
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