Occupancy sensor
An occupancy sensor is an energy conservation device designed to detect the presence of human occupants in a given area. Many commercial, industrial and government facilities require a significant number of lighting fixtures for adequate illumination, and therefore use a significant amount of power to operate the lighting fixtures. A number of facilities use lighting control systems to control when the lighting fixtures are energized and thereby reduce the amount of power that is consumed to light these facilities. An occupancy sensor can be provided with an ambient light sensor and control input therefor. The ambient light sensor and control input can be used to select a minimum level of light above which a lighting fixture is prevented from being switched and powered on following detected motion. Occupancy sensors typically sense the presence of one or more persons within a designated area and generate occupancy signals indicative of that presence. These signals activate or deactivate one or more electrical appliances, such as, for example, a lighting unit or a heating, ventilating, and air conditioning system. When occupancy is sensed, the various electrically-powered loads in that area controlled by the sensor are energized. When that same area has been unoccupied for a predetermined period of time, the sensor de-energizes the electrical loads that it controls. Thus, the lighting control system operates in a daylight inhibit mode when the ambient light level is sufficient to render the switching of the lamp unnecessary. The two most prevalent types of occupancy sensors are passive infrared and active ultrasonic devices. A passive infrared (PIR) sensor will turn on the load whenever it detects a moving or newly apparent heat source. An occupancy sensor will typically transmit ultrasonic sound waves via one or more transmitters which then reflect off of objects in the room and are detected by one or more receivers. The ultrasonic sensor emits vibrations at frequencies of 25 kHz or higher and listens to the return echoes; if it detects a significant Doppler shift, indicating the presence of a moving body, then it turns the load on.
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