Motion sensor
Motion sensors are used in a wide variety of applications and as a result many different types of motion sensors are available. Motion sensors find widespread use in many industrial, commercial, and consumer markets. Automotive vehicles having vehicle control systems typically include vehicle motion sensors which serve to trigger the actuation of the active brake control system when a fault signal or condition is detected. Motion sensors are commonly used in high precision systems to monitor the linear or rotary movement of an object with respect to another object. Motion sensors are used in security systems to detect movement in a monitored space. Motion sensors are used to detect the presence of people in a room for the purpose of automatically turning on lights or other devices. Such sensors will also turn off the lights upon detecting that no one is in the room or area for a predetermined amount of time. Motion sensors may include mechanical switches, magnetic sensors, photoelectric sensors, acoustic sensors, microwave sensors, and active and passive infrared sensors. Motion sensors are primarily based on ultrasound, passive infrared (PIR) and radar detectors. Ultrasonic motion sensors are commonly used for automatic door openers and security alarms. A passive infrared (PIR) motion sensor detects changes in far infrared radiation due to temperature differences between an object (e.g. a human) and its background environment. PIR sensors are perhaps the most frequently used home security sensor. Upon detection, motion sensors generally transmit an indication to a host system, which may in turn activate an intrusion "alarm", change room lighting, open a door, or perform some other function. FM-CW radar sensors emit a swept frequency microwave signal and compare the frequency of the echo with its current emission frequency, producing a beat frequency proportional to range. FM-CW radar sensors use microwave oscillators and detector diodes, and audio frequency processing electronics to determine the audio beat frequency, or range. Motion sensors or occupancy sensors control lights and other electric loads by detecting doppler shifts in transmitted ultrasonic sound.
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