Metal detector
Metal detectors identify the type of a metal object located in a background environment by analyzing the characteristics of an electrical signal attributable to the target. Metal detectors can obtain information about the composition of metallic objects by means of the different responses of various metallic elements, alloys, and compounds to the electrical signals generated by metal detectors. Metal detectors are used in a variety of applications for the detecting and reporting of metallic objects otherwise hidden from view by soil, clothing, packing materials, water, etc. Pass-through metal detectors are used in the security access control field to screen people and objects passing through a portal at airports and security buildings to detect transport of weapons, as well as to screen against employee theft, contamination and other purposes. Metal detectors have been used for many years to screen foodstuffs for the presence of foreign ferromagnetic or electrically conductive objects which have been introduced during processing or packaging of the food. Metal detectors in the food industry typically radiate an electomagnetic signal having a single operating frequency in the range of fifty kilohertz to two megahertz. These detectors use phase sensitive synchronous detection in order to detect the metal in the presence of background noise. Metal detectors are popularly used by hobbyists and collectors to search for buried or otherwise hidden metal objects of value or particular interest. The principle of operation of metal detectors of the induction type metal detectors involves the production and transmission of a time-varying, or alternating, electromagnetic wave and the detection of a responsive electromagnetic wave that is induced in metallic objects that are located near the detector by the transmitted energy. The metal detectors typically employ a transmit coil through which current flows, the current establishing time-varying magnetic fields that induce eddy currents in metal objects, and interact with any magnetic permeability of the metal object. These effects are detected in a receive coil, and are used to identify the metal objects.
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