Magnetic sensor
Magnetoelectronics is a growing field that is devoted to the development of electronic device structures that incorporate a ferromagnetic element. Magnetic sensors or magnetometers are widely used to sense magnetic fields. Such devices typically operate to transform the sensed magnetomotive force to an electrical signal for processing. Magnetic sensors employ a magnetoresistive effect element as a magnetic field detection element. Semiconductor magnetic sensors which are sensitive to magnetic fields can be quite useful in military, aviation, maritime, and scientific laboratory applications. The magnetic sensor is used primarily as a magnetic head for a hard disk drive serving as a recording device in a computer. One well known type of sensor for reproduction heads is the magneto-resistive (MR) sensor employing the magneto-resistive effect. The magnetoresistive sensor is of two types: an anisotropic magneto-resistive (AMR) film employing an anisotropic magnetoresistive effect, and a giant magnetoresistive (GMR) film which is a multilayered structure. The anisotropic magnetoresistive effect is a phenomena that an electric resistance changes by some percentages corresponding to magnetized states of a magnetic substance. However, anisotropic magneto-resistive (AMR) magnetic heads can have some percentage changes in the reading signals, and magnetic sensors having reading output changes of higher percentages. As such magnetic sensors are proposed giant magnetoresistive (GMR) effect magnetic sensors using giant magnetoresistive effect, ferromagnetic tunnel junction magnetic sensor using ferromagnetic tunnel junction. Magnetic sensors utilizing giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effects have utility as magnetic sensors, especially in magnetoresistive read heads used in magnetic disc storage systems. Magnetic sensors utilizing the GMR effect are frequently referred to as "spin valve" sensors.
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