Leak detector
Leak detecting instruments are used in a variety of industries to determine whether products are properly manufactured and assembled. Leak detectors are used to test products for the presence of leaks which may degrade the performance of the product during the product's useful life. Many processes and applications rely heavily on the use of liquids. Liquids are typically stored in tanks, such as reserving tanks, and are transported from such reserving tanks to process stations where they are required by way of piping lines. A variety of fluid leak detection schemes are known. Differential pressure techniques may be used to detect the existence of leaks in a tank or piping. However, such techniques generally fail to identify localization of a leak and may have difficulty if not total inability to detect the existence of very small leaks. In leak detection systems employing reflectometry techniques, a pulse is sent down a transmission line placed in proximity to a pipe being monitored. Reflections of the pulses are monitored, and threshold values are established above and below the reflected waveforms. Upon the occurrence of a leak or break in the pipe, the characteristic impedance of the line changes, thus resulting in a change in the waveform of the reflection. If the change in impedance is sufficient to make a leak or break is indicated. Instruments for detecting trace amounts of a leak gas in the presence of one or more background gases are well known. Pneumatic tires commonly comprise air tight tubes for confining fluid, such as air, within the tire. The tire tube is provided with a valve stem for introduction of air into the tube. Loss of air from an pneumatic tire's tube may occur through either a puncture in the tube, or a malfunction of the check valve in the valve stem core. Some leak detectors typically involve the introduction of a visible vapour such as smoke or fog into the system being tested. Leaks would then be detected visually as the vapour escaped through tiny cracks or holes in the system.
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