Infrared sensor
Infrared image sensing is characterized in its ability to pick up images at night as well as during the daytime and its higher transmittance to smoke and fog than visible radiation. Infrared sensors are designed to detect and measure thermal radiation emanating from remote objects. Being capable of acquiring temperature information of an object to be sensed, infrared sensors are adaptable to a variety of applications. IR systems have enabled night vision technology to be used widely in many military applications such as: target acquisition, missile seeker sensors, night driving, and search and track. Infrared detection systems have not only improved vision at night, but also improved vision through smoke, fog, dust, and haze and simple camouflage. Furthermore, because it is possible to obtain temperature information of objects, the infrared sensor is widely used as a surveillance camera and a fire-detecting camera. An infrared sensor basically comprises an infrared sensitive element for capturing infrared rays and a compensating element for obtaining a signal that is used as a basis for calculating the quantity of infrared rays detected. In an infrared sensor, a sensing element absorbs infrared rays emitted from an object to raise the temperature of itself, and temperature information of the object is obtained by detecting the change in characteristics of the sensing element according to the temperature rise. Infrared detecting elements for use in the infrared sensors have been generally classified into quantum type and thermal type. While the quantum type infrared detecting element is extremely high in the sensitivity, there have been such problems due to the necessity of using it at lower temperatures with the element itself cooled that the sensor is difficult to handle. Those classified as thermal type have a mechanism that the temperature of the temperature sensing part comprising a thermally insulated structure rises by the incidence of an infrared ray, and the temperature rise is converted into an electric signal by utilizing the pyroelectric effect, the thermoelectric effect, or the temperature coefficient of a resistor. The thermal type infrared detecting element is less sensitive than the quantum type but is not required to be cooled and simpler in the structure, and has been utilized widely in various practical ways of use, because of such advantages as low manufacturing costs, and minimized dimensions.
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