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Hall effect sensor

Hall effect sensors are a class of sensors that are used to detect the movement of ferrous items. The Hall effect is a well known phenomenon occurring in conductors and semiconductor materials wherein a current flowing generally perpendicular to a magnetic field induces a voltage perpendicular to both the field and current, which voltage is proportional to the product of the current and magnetic field. The Hall effect output voltage is the voltage produced across opposite edges of the conductor when placed in a magnetic field. Hall sensors are employed in a wide variety of applications including, for example, automotive, medical, power electronics, computer sensors, transducers, material characterization and power meters. There have been known various types of sensing devices such as a position sensor, a current sensor, an angle sensor, a speed sensor and so on which utilize the Hall effect. Hall effect devices are becoming increasingly popular in industry for such purposes as sensing rotors of brushless motors and in other applications where the contactless sensing of moving mechanical elements is desirable. Hall effect current sensors offer several advantages over traditional current transformers such as a more compact size, higher current levels for a given size, and a larger frequency bandwidth. Hall effect sensors are constituted by a multilayer structure comprising a thin layer of a semiconductor material deposited on a substrate which is itself a semiconductor, with the two layers being electrically isolated from each other.

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