Mass flow meter
A mass flowmeter is an instrument which provides a direct indication of the quantity or mass, as opposed to volume or velocity, of material being transferred through a pipeline. Mass flow meters measure the mass flow rate rather than the volumetric flow rate of material. They are desirable because mass measurement is often needed for chemical reactions, recipes, custody transfer, and many other applications. Air mass flow meters in the intake duct or charge duct of the internal combustion engine are known. They serve to measure the mass flow or the intake/charge air, in order to be able to determine and control the mass ratios accordingly during the chemical process of combustion. Mass flow meters for gases measure the mass flow rate of a gas independently of gas temperature or pressure. Forms of such devices which operate on heat transfer principles have become widely adopted. Fluid mass flow meters are known for providing an output representative of the mass flow of a target fluid through a conduit. Mass flowmeters have sensing means which respond to mass flow rate as compared to volume flow rate. Other types of flowmeters employ, for example, sensing means which respond to differential pressure or fluid velocity. Thermal mass flowmeters are a common choice for flow metering devices in the commercial and industrial metering markets. A typical sensor element for use in thermal meters is a resistance temperature detector (RTD), the resistance of which is related to the temperature of the element itself. One class of mass measuring flowmeters is based on the well-known Coriolis effect. Coriolis flow meters are direct mass measuring flowmeters. They detect the Coriolis force and use the influence of a pattern of such forces upon flow tubes carrying the fluid within the meter. The Coriolis mass flowmeter facilitates high precision measurement of a mass flow rate, since it directly measures the mass flow rate based on the Coriolis force generated in proportion to the mass flow rate of a fluid flowing through one or more of vibrating measuring pipes. A typical Coriolis mass flowmeter includes one or more conduits that are connected inline in a pipeline or other transport system and convey material, e.g., fluids, slurries and the like. in the system. Each conduit may be viewed as having a set of natural vibrational modes including, for example, simple bending, torsional, radial and coupled modes.
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