Flaw detector
Ultrasonic flaw detection is used in many manufacturing applications to detect imperfections within structural elements. Ultrasonic flaw detectors have found a widespread acceptance in various industries for the detection of internal cracks, cavities, etc., in a variety of solid objects. Ultrasonic detection method involves generation a sound wave or pulse, transmitting the pulse through a transducer or probe into the material, listening for a sound return, an echo or "ping", and then evaluating the characteristics of the echo. Ultrasonic flaw detectors commonly include a probe to be held against the object. The probe comprises ultrasonic transducers for the transmission and reception of ultrasonic vibrations, arranged to determine the distance to a wave reflecting internal flaw in the object. High frequency electrical oscillations are transferred into mechanical vibrations which are sent out into the object. Electromagnetic induction (eddy-current) flaw detecting method has also been widely used for non-destructive inspection of metal wires and bars that are hot rolled to meet initial prerequisites such as high-speed and non-contact operation. Eddy current flaw detection systems are now routinely used in many steel manufacturing operations. These systems are especially useful in detecting surface flaws which are difficult to locate with visual or other inspection techniques. When detecting flaws of metal materials such as pipelines by using the remote field eddy current method, a remote field eddy current sensor connected to a cable for transmitting signals is inserted into the pipeline, and exciting voltage is supplied to the sensor. Eddy current flaw detection systems are used not only because of their reliability in locating flaws which are otherwise difficult to locate, but also because they give an indication of the depth or the severity of a detected flaw.
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