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Electrochemical sensor

Electrochemical sensors are used to determine the concentrations of various analytes in testing samples such as fluids and dissolved solid materials. Electrochemical sensors are frequently used in occupational safety, medical engineering, process measuring engineering, environmental analysis, etc. Electrochemical sensors sensors have electrode arrays with two, three or more electrodes, which are called auxiliary electrode. reference electrode, and working electrodes. Electrochemical gas sensors are well known for detecting and quantifying toxic gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen oxides, chlorine, sulphur dioxide and the like. The electrodes of an electrochemical sensor provide a surface at which an oxidation or a reduction reaction occurs to provide a mechanism whereby the ionic conduction of an electrolyte solution in contact with the electrodes is coupled with the electron conduction of each electrode to provide a complete circuit for a current. In a typical electrochemical gas sensor, the gas to be measured typically passes from the atmosphere into the sensor housing through a gas porous or gas permeable membrane to a working electrode where a chemical reaction occurs. Electrochemical sensors, such as pH sensors, ion selective sensors, and redox sensors, are equipped with electrical conductors to allow electrical signals to be transmitted to and from electrodes contained within the sensor. An electrochemical sensor used for measuring pH, ORP, or other specific ion concentrations is typically comprised of three parts: a specimen sensing ion electrode, a reference cell, and an amplifier that translates signal into useable information that can be read.

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