Dynamometer
A dynamometer is an instrument for measuring power, force or energy, such a the horsepower developed by an internal combustion engine or electric motor, or the current voltage or power in an electric circuit. The automotive industry, for example, uses dynamometers to measure a variety of parameters related to vehicle combustion engine performance including output torque and horsepower during engine testing, which often lasts several hundreds of engine operating hours. The purpose of the dynamometer is to impose those forces on the vehicle which the vehicle would incur during actual operation on a road. Such dynamometers include a roll (or a pair of rolls) for engaging the driven wheel or wheels of the vehicle being tested. The roll or rolls are supported by a shaft journaled in bearings mounted on a frame. Chassis dynamometers have been used for testing performance of, for example, automotive vehicles including output and fuel consumption characteristics by simulating an actual road test. Chassis dynamometers are used to measure various performance parameters of motor vehicles from which diagnoses can be made of possible engine, drive train or suspension faults in the vehicle. Generally, a chassis dynamometer is arranged to execute a drive simulation of a test vehicle so as to measure various characteristics such as exhaust gas characteristic and fuel consumption. Such a simulation is executed in a manner such as to set the test vehicle on the chassis dynamometer and to drive the test vehicle under a predetermined road running pattern while executing a running resistance control. Dynamometers typically utilize a water brake to measure the torque of a rotary power source such as an internal combustion engine, with the torque being calculated from the reaction force necessary to hold a torque arm stationary at a fixed predetermined distance from the center of rotation of the water brake with the torque arm itself being affixed to the housing of the water brake. A waterbrake may be used to test various rotating machines such as engines and motors. In particular, a waterbrake may be used to measure, for example, the horsepower generated by a rotating machine, such as an engine or motor. A waterbrake typically be coupled to a fluid system. The waterbrake generally includes a rotor that is rotationally mounted within a housing. The housing includes fluid inlet and outlet ports coupled to the fluid system, which allows fluid, such as water, to flow into and out of the waterbrake housing. During use, the output shaft of the rotating machine under test may drive the waterbrake rotor. In general, a dynamometer is a device for operating as a duty load simulator or for measuring the output power of a power generating device or a mechanical power source such as an electric motor, a gasoline or diesel engine, a gas turbine, etc. The measurement may be made in terms of the rotations per minute of a rotating shaft, the torque, or some other form of the source's output power.
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