Displacement sensor
Displacement sensors are used wherever it is necessary to acquire the exact position of two parts that can be moved relative to one another. There are several types of displacement sensors in current use. Optical and magnetic displacement sensors for detecting the amount of a linear displacement have hitherto been commonly used in stages of machine tools and three-dimensional measuring instruments. Linear and angular displacement sensors are used for high-precision machining and measuring, for manufacturing and testing components with very tight dimensional tolerances. Magnetic displacement sensors consist of one or more magnets producing an induction field B and of an element for measurement of the induction (Hall probe or magnetoresistance, for example) which are set in relative motion. Magnetic displacement sensors typically measure linear or rotational displacement and provide an output proportional to absolute linear or rotary position displacement of the elements. Magnetic displacement sensors may employ either electromagnets or permanent magnets as a source of magnetic flux. Non-contacting displacement sensors may include one or more stationary inductance coils and a movable member which moves in the field of the stationary inductance coils in accordance with the parameter being monitored to change the inductance of the stationary coils. Optical displacement sensors are particularly useful in industrial settings because they can make non-contact measurements and are relatively immune to electrical and magnetic interference.
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