Radiation detector
A radiation detector is a converter that converts radiation energy such as visible lights, infrared rays, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, gamma rays into electric signals. Radiation detectors are generally used for detecting certain radiation conditions and to discriminate between these conditions and other sources of radiation which are not desired to be detected. Radiation detectors are used in medicine, industry, and research for dosimetry, imaging, and homeland security applications. Radiation detectors include indirect conversion type detectors, and direct conversion type detectors. The indirect conversion type radiation detectors are adapted to first convert radiation into light and then perform photoelectric conversion of the converted light into electric signals. The direct conversion type radiation detectors are adapted to convert incident radiation directly into electrical signals, such as a radiation sensitive type semiconductor film. A semiconductor radiation detector element is a device in which an electric charge produced therein due to ionization effect of incident radiation is swept and collected to produce a signal under an electric field applied between both electrodes. Semiconductor radiation detectors typically have an active volume, which is depleted of free charge carriers, and is used to absorb at least some of the radiation to generate charges. A planar type radiation detector has a plurality of pixels arrayed in the form of a matrix. Each pixel has a photoelectric conversion element and pixel electrode. An infrared ray detector is used to create images of infrared rays, which are invisible radiation. Two types of detectors are used as infrared ray detectors: quantum type infrared detectors and thermal type infrared detectors. Quantum type infrared detectors are instruments which convert the photon energy of infrared rays into electron energy for detection. Thermal type infrared detectors of the conventional art convert the energy of incident infrared rays into thermal energy, causing a change in the temperature of the detector, and the change in physical properties of the detector is read electrically. Gaseous-based ionizing radiation detectors employ gas multiplication to strongly amplify the signal amplitudes, and provide for detection with high spatial resolution.
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