Low noise block (LNB) downconverter
Satellite transmission technology uses an orbiting satellite to transmit an electromagnetic signal of very high frequency for reception by earth based antennas. Once received by the antennas, the high frequency signal is converted into a lower frequency signal so that it may be more easily manipulated by additional circuitry and/or transmitted through cables over ground. A low noise block downconverter (LNB) is used to convert the transmitted signals from a higher frequency to a lower frequency. Low noise block downconverters are used throughout a variety of electronic system designs to receive communication signals. Typical applications of low noise block downconverters include Very Small Aperture satellite Terminals (VSAT), portable satellite telephone communications terminals, point-to-point terrestrial digital radio data links, point-to-multi-point television and data broadcast transmission systems, and direct broadcast satellite systems (DBS). Direct broadcast satellite systems provide a relatively new class of television services which allows households to receive television programming directly from satellites via small satellite dishes. Direct broadcast satellite television transmission receivers comprise an LNB mounted on an antenna or satellite dish connected, via coaxial cable, to an indoor tuner attached to a television set or VCR. Functions of the LNB include downconverting received satellite signals, changing the frequency band of signal reception, changing the signal polarization of reception and, in some applications, controlling more than one receive antenna. The LNB is connected to the antenna or dish and converts the satellite signal received by the antenna to a frequency and signal level suitable for processing by the tuner and television or VCR electronics. In DBS, the low noise block (LNB) down-converter that amplifies and converts the extremely weak microwave signals down to UHF signals is generally considered one of the most critical components in the satellite receiver system.
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