Direct broadcast satellite (DBS) equipment
Satellite television systems have emerged as an alternative to cable television systems. Broadcast satellites transmit signals over multiple channels across a broadband spectrum. These satellites use standardized broadcast formats, such as digital satellite service (DSS), used in North America, and direct video broadcast (DVB), used in Europe. When combined with receiving systems, these broadcast satellites create a direct broadcast satellite system (DBS). Direct broadcast satellite service (DBS) refers to satellite transmission of television signals directly for use by individual households or subscribers having the proper signal receiving equipment. Direct broadcast satellite systems allow households to receive television, audio, data and video directly from the DBS satellite. Each household subscribing to the system receives the broadcast signals through a satellite dish antenna and a receiver unit. A direct broadcast satellite system can transmit compressed television and other ancillary signals in compressed and packeted form. The system has a potential of transmitting hundreds of programs. Each program may include a number of services. A service is defined herein as a program component, such as a video signal, or an audio signal, or a closed caption signal, or data, etc. DBS television transmission receivers comprise a low noise block downconverter (LNB) mounted on an antenna or satellite dish connected, via coaxial cable, to an indoor tuner attached to a television set or VCR. LNB downconverters are widely used with direct broadcast satellite (DBS) television receivers for converting microwave signals to an intermediate frequency suitable for processing by an indoor tuner. The LNB downconverter is typically mounted on an antenna or satellite dish and enclosed in a weatherproof housing. The LNB is connected to the antenna or dish and converts the satellite signal received by the antenna to a frequency and signal level suitable for processing by the tuner and television or VCR electronics. Typically, a satellite broadcast signal in a frequency range of about 12 GHz is received by a DBS antenna such as a parabolic antenna erected outside of the viewer's home. In the typical DBS system, the satellite receiver antenna includes an 18-inch parabolic dish, and the receiver unit is a television set-top decoder module.
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