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RF switch

A radio frequency (RF) switch is a device that controls the flow of an RF signal. In radio frequency transceivers, it is necessary to provide a switching function which alternately connects the transmitter or receiver to the antenna. Radio frequency switches are important building blocks in many wireless communication systems. RF switches are found in many different communications devices such as cellular phones, wireless pagers, wireless infrastructure equipment, satellite communications equipment, and cable television equipment. RF switches come in a variety of configurations. The basic one is a single pole single throw (SPST), containing a single RF input and RF output. Others come in single pole multiple throw (SPMT) configurations. Generally, RF switches, consisting of solid state devices, such as diodes and field-effect transistors (FET), are used in communication systems applications. owever, RF switches fabricated using diodes and FET devices demonstrate high insertion loss and low isolation when the working frequency exceeds 1 GHz. Recently, microelectronic mechanical (MEMS) technology has been used for the fabrication of RF switches. MEMS switches use electrostatic actuation to create movement of a beam or membrane that results in an ohmic contact or by a change in capacitance by which the flow of signal is interrupted and typically grounded. A typical MEMS RF switch module contains one or more MEMS switches arranged in an RF switch array. A MEMS switch features significant advantages in its small size as measured in the operating wavelength. MEMS RF switch modules are often found in cell phones, wireless computer networks, communication systems, and radar systems. In wireless devices, MEMS RF switch modules can be used as antenna switches, mode switches, and transmit/receive switches.

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