RF phase shifter
A phase shifter is a device having two ports for changing the phase of radio frequency (RF) signals. Wireless communication systems, such as satellite communication, broadcasting, mobile communication and terrestrial communication, require various phased array antennas to be operated properly in a mobile environment. Phase shifter circuits are employed in various radio frequency (RF) applications such as phased array antenna systems and phase modulators. They provide a phase difference required by a control signal, i.e., direct current bias voltage/current, between input and output signals. Electrical beams of the phased array antenna can be formed in a desired direction and a phase shifter is a key component of phased array antennas that is needed essentially to form the electrical beams. Phase shifters are largely divided into a digital type and an analogue type. A ferroelectric distributed analog phase shifter controls a phase using a characteristic of a ferroelectric material having a dielectric constant that changes according to the strength of an applied electric field. The phase shifters using ferrite materials are suitable to high-power, small insertion loss, and high input/output match. Digital phase shifters are further divided into ones using ferrite materials and ones using semiconductor materials such as diode or field-effect transistor (FET). The phase shifters using semiconductor materials are advantageous to obtain high switching rate, reciprocity, reliability, fine temperature characteristic, miniaturization and weight reduction.
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