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RF phase detector

A phase detector is a circuit or instrument for detecting a difference in phase between corresponding points on two signals. Phase detectors detect or measure the relative phase of two signals with respect to each other, and are used in a wide variety of electronic systems. A phase detector is a fundamental building block for a phase lock loop (PLL) found in many electronic systems. A phase lock loop (PLL) is a circuit that causes a particular system to track with another system. Phase locked loops can be used both as an oscillator in a receiver to detect signals of prescribed frequency and as a frequency synthesizer in a transmitter to generate an output signal having a selectively variable frequency. Frequency synthesizers employing digital (also known as three-state) phase detectors are commonly used to provide a stable signal for use by the transmitter and/or the receiver. A typical PLL includes three main building blocks: a phase detector, a loop filter and a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). The phase detector measures the phase difference between the input signal and the output signal of the voltage controlled oscillator. The output of the phase detector then drives a charge pump which in turn drives a loop filter followed by a VCO. The voltage controlled oscillator produces the VCO signal which is divided by a loop divider to generate the divided VCO signal.

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