Patch antenna
Antennas are used in communication systems to send and receive information using electromagnetic waves. As electronic devices are reduced in physical size, antenna systems are needed that are compact enough to be integrated into smaller and smaller devices. Some types of antenna designs are more suitable for integration into the housings of common electronic devices, such as laptops or computer peripheral devices. One type of antenna suitable for some of these applications is a patch antenna which has an advantage of being effective while not requiring a long radiating element. Patch antennas generally comprise a dielectric substrate, an electrically conductive ground layer disposed below the dielectric substrate, and an electrically conductive patch antenna element disposed over the dielectric substrate. A patch antenna may be implemented as one or more conductive areas, or patches, on a printed circuit board. Patches may have any suitable geometric shape, including rectangles, circles, triangles, or bow ties. A patch antenna is fed by applying a voltage difference between a point on the antenna and a point on a ground conductor. The ground conductor is often planar and substantially parallel to the antenna. A microstrip patch antenna is a type of antenna that offers a low profile, i.e. thin, and easy manufacturability, which provides a great advantage over traditional antennas. In a typical microstrip patch antenna, the radiator element is provided by a metallic patch that is fabricated onto a dielectric substrate over a ground plane.
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