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Directional antenna

Antennas provide wireless communication functionality to mobile devices and have become key components in the mobile telecommunication field. A directional antenna has the basic property that it receives a radio signal well when the antenna is directed straight towards the radio transmitter sending the signal. An omnidirectional radiation pattern provides a wide angle of coverage, which is especially advantageous in mobile communications applications. While omnidirectional antennas are inexpensive and widely used in environments where the direction of signal transmission and/or reception is unknown or varies, omnidirectional antennas have a significant disadvantage. Because of their omnidirectional nature, the power signal requirements of omnidirectional antennas are relatively high. On the other hand, using a directional antenna provides increased system gain in a limited direction by reducing the system gain in other directions. Directional antennas have the desirable property of increasing the communication range, by focusing the transmitted or received energy into a narrower beam. A signal coming from other directions is attenuated by the directional antenna. The dimensions of the directional antenna depend on the radio frequency used. However, the size of such directional antennas is quite large and such antennas are also expensive. For this reason omni-directional antennas are used in a large majority of the installations of base station antennas.

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