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Protective relay

Protective relays are used to detect faults in power systems and then to isolate the fault-affected portion of the power system. Protective relay devices are necessary devices of an electrical power distribution system, as they provide a variety of protection and control functions. Electrical transmission lines and power generation equipment must be protected against faults and consequent short circuits, which can cause a collapse of the power system, equipment damage, and personal injury. Protective relays are installed in electric power transmission and distribution facilities to detect overloads, short circuits, and other fault conditions. They are connected to power circuit breakers or switching devices that disconnect the faulty portion of the network on command from the relay, to isolate the problem. Protective relays monitor conditions in the power distribution system and operate circuit breakers in response to the detection of adverse conditions, thereby protecting various segments and components of the power distribution system from damage. Protective relays include internal processing circuitry which monitors the portion of the electrical distribution system with which it is associated and provide protection and control functions as necessary. Digital protective relays have the processing capability of performing a substantial number of protection functions and storing information concerning faults and other events which occur during the operation of the power system.

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