Automatic transfer switch
A transfer switch is used to switch an electric load back and forth between a primary source, such as a utility, and a secondary source, such as a generator. Transferring power from the primary source to the secondary source is necessary when the incoming power quality deviates from set limits. The transfer switch is also used to switch the source back to utility power when the power quality returns to within the preset limit. A typical transfer switch is composed of an actuator and a toggle mechanism. The actuator operates by supplying energy to the toggle mechanism to maneuver movable contacts that are within the toggle mechanism relative to stationary power input contacts. Actuators are activated either manually or automatically at a desired time to supply energy to the movable contacts on the toggle mechanism. The movable contacts engage one set of stationary contacts when power is supplied from the primary source and engage another set of stationary contacts when power is supplied from the secondary source. A transfer switch also includes a power inlet which is adapted to be electrically interconnected with a power feed from the generator, which supplies power to the transfer switch upon operation of the generator. The transfer switch further includes individual circuit switches which are interconnected with the power inlet and with selected circuits of the building electrical system. A transfer switch typically comprises a pair of circuit interrupters combined with a drive input and a linkage system. A typical transfer switch is composed of an actuating mechanism and a switch stack. The actuating mechanism provides energy to the switch stack to maneuver movable contacts relative to stationary power input contacts. Automatic transfer switches are controlled using a relay logic, a programmable logic controller (PLC) or an embedded controller which monitor the public utility power source for a fault condition. Upon recognizing any one of a number of faults with the utility power, the embedded controller is configured to switch in the secondary source of power, typically a generator, via the transfer switches.
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