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Voltage converter

Voltage converters receive an input voltage and generate an output DC voltage therefrom. Voltage converters include chopper type switching system, fly-back converter, forward converter, charge pump type converter and the like, and they are used properly according to applications. Many semiconductor devices are designed to operate at various supply voltages and signal voltages. To accommodate the use of different supply voltages, the semiconductor device is typically designed to operate at the lower supply voltage which is often generated by including a voltage converter that steps-down the voltage of a higher external voltage level to a lower internal voltage level. Buck converters are used to convert a higher voltage to a lower voltage suitable for use with, for example, a microprocessor. A buck converter typically operates using a clock, whereby an inductor is charged during a first portion of a clock cycle and operates as a current source during the second portion of the clock cycle. DC-DC voltage converters generate an output voltage that is greater than the input voltage. Such converters utilize input and output capacitors, an inductor, one or more diodes, a switching transistor, and a pulse width modulator, generally implemented by an integrated circuit. DC to DC voltage converters are essential to providing accurate power delivery to sensitive electronic devices. Virtually all mobile devices such as cellular phones and laptop computers require a regulated power supply, which is usually generated from a battery source. A DC to DC buck converter is used to convert an input voltage from a high-voltage power supply to a lower voltage supplied to the circuit or apparatus connected to the output node of the converter.

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