Nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery
Alkaline storage batteries having a wide application in various portable appliances include nickel-cadmium (NiCd) storage batteries, nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) storage batteries and the like. Among them, the nickel-metal hydride storage batteries have recently been used widely as small-size sealed storage batteries, because they can be expected to have a higher capacity density. Nickel cadmium cells have long been the standard for high discharge applications such as power tools. However, increasing emphasis is being placed on nickel metal hydride electrochemical cells as replacements for nickel cadmium cells. NiMH cells avoid environmental concerns relating to cadmium and have improved energy density. A nickel-metal hydride storage battery is a secondary battery comprising a positive electrode formed from an active material composed mainly of nickel hydroxide and a negative electrode composed mainly of a hydrogen storage alloy. In general, nickel-metal hydride batteries comprise a negative electrode of hydrogen absorbing alloy, a positive electrode of nickel hydroxide, an alkaline electrolyte, a separator, etc. Nickel metal-hydride storage batteries have positive electrodes including an active material containing nickel hydroxide as a principal component and negative electrodes including a hydrogen-absorbing alloy as a principal material. Therefore, they have rapidly spread as secondary batteries having high energy densities and high reliability. A nickel positive electrode for use in a nickel-metal hydride storage cell can be either a sintered type or a paste type (nonsintered type). NiMH batteries are widely used in laptop computers, cellular phones, electrical vehicles (EV), hybride electric vehicles (HEV) and different tools.
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