Nickel cadmium (NiCd) battery
Alkaline rechargeable batteries are batteries using alkaline electrolyte mainly composed of potassium hydroxide (KOH), and in almost all battery systems, the nickel positive electrode excellent in charge and discharge cycle performance is used. In the negative electrode, iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and others are used as active material, but because of the long charge and discharge cycle life and high reliability of sealed batteries, the main stream of alkaline batteries was nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries using cadmium negative electrode. Nickel-cadmium batteries (NiCd) provide one of the few sources of rechargeable portable electric power. Nickel-cadmium batteries comprise a plurality of nickel-cadmium voltaic cells connected in series. The cadmium electrode is used as a cathode almost exclusively in nickel-cadmium storage batteries. The nickel oxide electrode serves as positive electrode and an aqueous KOH solution as electrolyte. Although a variety of rechargeable battery technologies have been developed, rechargeable nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries have several advantageous properties. Nickel-cadmium batteries have a relatively high capacity to weight ratio, a relatively flat voltage to percent of discharge curve, good performance at low temperatures, the capability of delivering high amperage currents for engine starting and similar purposes, and a relatively high recharge recycling capacity. NiCd cells may be hermetically sealed which permits operation in any position and in inaccessible locations. They are also fairly inexpensive relative to some other high performance battery technologies. While rechargeable NiCad batteries can be used to supply such clean power, NiCad batteries have a number of problems. In particular, they require periodic recharging in order to provide power.
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