Lithium battery
The demand for rechargeable lithium batteries having a high energy density is increasing as the use of portable electronic instruments such as portable phones, camcorders, and notebook computers is increasing. Rechargeable lithium batteries use a material from or into which lithium ions are intercalated or deintercalated as positive and negative active materials. Lithium batteries, or batteries that contain metallic lithium, a lithium alloy, or a lithium ion, have relatively high energy and are used in many electrical devices. A lithium battery includes a cathode, an anode and an electrolytic solution providing a movement path of lithium ions between the cathode and the anode, and generates electric energy by oxidation and reduction when the lithium ions are intercalated into/deintercalated from the cathode and anode. Rechargeable lithium batteries can be classified into two categories, namely a lithium ion battery or a lithium ion polymer battery. The lithium secondary batteries are further classified as cylindrical type, prismatic type, and coin type batteries according to their shape. Lithium-ion electrochemical cells useful for electrical storage usually consist of a lithium anode and a cathode formed from an electrochemically active material that can take up ions of the metal. The lithium ion polymer battery uses a solid electrolyte such as a polymer, unlike the lithium ion battery that uses a liquid electrolyte. The lithium ion polymer battery, therefore is lighter and has a smaller volume than the lithium ion battery. Furthermore, the lithium ion polymer battery is capable of being fabricated into various shapes. Lithium ion and lithium polymer batteries, however, cannot be overcharged without damaging the active materials. Therefore, careful monitoring and controls must be implemented to avoid any single cell from experiencing an over voltage due to excessive charging.
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