Battery pack
Rechargeable batteries or secondary batteries are widely used to provide electrical power for driving battery powered electronic appliances. Battery powered electronic appliances may include, for example,digital video recorders, notebook computers, camcorders, digital cameras, cellular telephones, PDAs and other devices. Alkaline batteries for such appliances, such as nickel cadmium (NiCd) or nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries, are well known. Recently, lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries with an organic electrolytic cell have gained popularity in high-end portable electronic devices because they exhibit high energy density, low temperature characteristics, and stable storage capability. Rechargeable batteries are generally used in forms of battery packs for the ease and efficiency of providing a series or a parallel connection for the cells as part of the pack, depending on the voltage provided by each cell and the power requirements of the device, thereby obviating the need for the device to provide the appropriate cell-to-cell contacts for accepting individual cells. A battery pack for a battery powered electrical device incorporates a plurality of battery modules which are always connected in series. The battery pack has an output terminal to output a total voltage of the battery modules connected in series to the outside of the battery pack. When the battery pack is attached to a device's main body, the battery pack supplies electric power for the device's main body through the output terminal, and drives the device's main body. Rechargeable battery packs require an electronic charger for recharging depleted batteries. A battery charger may be configured as internal charger circuit incorporated into the battery-powered appliance. An internal charger typically begins charging the battery whenever the device is powered by an alternating current (AC) source, and allows discharge of the battery when the AC source is removed. Battery packs for use as power sources in laptop computers have a battery charge displaying function and a battery protecting function. Power management systems such as a smart battery system are constituted in which data including the battery voltage and the battery charge are output to PC bodies through communication buses and the PC bodies control the battery packs. A battery pack for supplying a high voltage as high as several hundred volts is comprised of many cells connected in series. This pack is used usually for, for example, a hybrid vehicle, electric vehicle, or fuel battery block electric vehicle in order to reduce the wiring resistance loss and to reduce the size of switching elements. Electric powered and hybrid powered vehicles are becoming more common as alternatives to vehicles powered solely by internal combustion engines. Both electric and hybrid vehicles employ electric drive motors that are powered by an on-board, high voltage DC power supply. This power supply includes a rechargeable battery pack formed of plurality of battery modules connected in a closed series circuit, wherein each of the modules is formed from plurality of individual cells. Such a high voltage battery pack is provided with a voltage detection apparatus that detects the voltage of each cell for capacity calculation and protection of each cell.
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