Optocoupler (optical coupler)
Optocouplers (also referred to as optical couplers or optoisolators) provide electrical isolation between high and low voltage portions of a circuit. Optical couplers are well known devices used to direct light from one light source to a light receiving member. In an optocoupler, a driver stage takes an input signal and converts it to an optical signal. The optical signal is then sensed by a detector stage, which converts it back to an electrical signal. Ideally, the two stages introduce little or no delay or distortion into the signal being coupled. In optical communication systems, an optocoupler is used for causing outgoing light from an end face of an optical fiber to fall on another optical fiber. Optical fiber technology is used in a variety of applications such as telecommunication, computer, and medical applications. An important aspect of optical fiber technology is the coupling of an optical fiber to an optoelectronic device for transmitting information conducted by the optical fiber. Optocouplers typically include an emitter and detector pair. The detector detects emission or lack of emission from the emitter. The emitter is typically a source of light, such as an LED and the detector may be a phototransistor. The voltage level output by the phototransistor is directly related to the amount of light detected from the emitter. Electrical isolation occurs because information is transmitted using light emitted by the LED and received by the light-responsive phototransistor. Optical couplers contain at least one optical emitter which is optically coupled to an optical detector through some sort of electrically insulating medium. An optocoupler used in an optical transmission system includes a pair of generally mutually parallel optical fibers extending through a tubular enclosure wherein each optical fiber has an axial core portion extending therethrough in the center thereof for allowing the light to move therein.
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