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Neutral density filter

A neutral density filter is used to attenuate incident radiation uniformly independent of wavelength, i.e. neutral with respect to wavelength. ND filters uniformly attenuate the intensity of light over a broad spectral range. Attenuation is accomplished by using any one or combination of several techniques. These filters are called neutral-density filters because their optical density, which is characterized by the percent of incident light transmitted or by its optical density (OD). Neutral density filters are widely used in spectrophotometric and spectroradiometric application and instrumentation. In a photographing system, under an excessively high luminance of an object, there may be a case of over exposure where an excessive amount of light is incident upon a photosensitive surface even with a minimum aperture diameter obtained by a diaphragm. In cope with such a case, a neutral density filter is often attached to a part of the photographing system in order to regulate an incident light amount upon the photosensitive surface. Neutral density filters to be employed in the visible (VIS) region of the spectrum are commonly constructed of absorbing filter glasses. Neutral density filters for use in the UV region are generally metal or metal alloy films on quartz substrates.

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