Electro-optic modulator
Electro-optic modulators are used to adapt an optical channel to carry information such as telephone calls and digital electronic data, for transmission over lightwave networks. In the areas of networking and telecommunications, there is an increasing demand for capacity for the transmission of data. Optical fiber is a transmission medium which is well-suited to meet this demand since optical fiber has an inherent bandwidth which is much greater than metal-based conductors, such as twisted pair or coaxial cable. The optical fiber communication systems are typically based on a modulator, a fiber link, and a photodetector. The modulator modulates an optical carrier with the data to be transmitted. The modulated optical carrier is transmitted across the fiber link. The photodetector then detects the modulated optical carrier at the other end of the fiber link, recovering the transmitted data. Optical modulators modulate RF electrical signals onto a light beam in order to generate a modulated optical beam that carries data. Modulators either directly modulate the optical beam as it is generated at the optical source or externally modulate the optical beam after it has been generated. Direct modulation involves varying the optical signal by directly modulating the laser diode that originates the optical signal. External modulation involves varying the optical signal after it has left the laser diode through the use of an electro-optic modulator. Electro-absorption modulators achieve the desired light modulation by modifying the light absorbing properties of a material with an electric field. The electro-optic effect makes it possible to modify, under the action of an electric field, the refractive index of a material and therefore bring about various functions such as the phase or intensity modulation of a light signal, or the polarization change of said signal. An electro-optic modulator includes two interferometric waveguides, and indicates periodical optical output characteristics by delaying phases of the waveguides. In the electro-optic modulator, a radio frequency electrode is positioned between two waveguides in order to induce the phase delay. Two different types of known electro-optic modulators include electro-refraction modulators and electro-absorption modulators.
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