Diffraction grating
A diffraction grating is used for a spectroscopy module in an optical measuring device or an optical communication device. Optical diffraction gratings are used in many applications from spectroscopy to fiber optic telecommunication devices to human visual correction. For example, in telecommunications applications, diffractive elements may be used to spatially separate the channels of a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) signal for subsequent processing. Optical communication technology relies on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to provide increased bandwidth. The optical components of one type of WDM include lenses for focusing and collimating the optical signals and a diffraction grating for diffracting the optical signals to perform the multiplexing and demultiplexing functions. Diffraction grating based systems have the advantage of parallelism, which yields higher performance and lower cost for high channel count systems. In particular, a diffraction grating is a device that diffracts light by an amount varying according to its wavelength. Diffraction gratings can separate, or disperse, polychromatic light into its monochromatic components. These monochromatic components, where visible light is diffracted, may be visible as a rainbow-like image. A diffraction grating device in which Bragg type index modulations are formed can selectively reflect a light component having a specific wavelength that satisfies the Bragg condition, and is therefore used as an optical filter or the like in an optical communication system. In general, a diffraction grating is a collection of reflecting or transmitting elements separated by a distance that is on the order of the wavelength of the light. A diffractive element's suitability for a specific application is dependent on characteristics such as throughput efficiency, dispersion, and polarization-dependent loss (PDL), etc. Examples of diffractive elements for achieving spatial separation, include fiber Bragg gratings (FBG), and reflective and transmissive free-space diffraction gratings.
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