Beam splitter, beamsplitter
In many optical systems, it is often useful to separate and/or combine light beams having different optical characteristics, e.g., polarization states, wavelengths, etc. A beamsplitter divides an incident beam into two parts, with one part being transmitted and the other part being reflected. A beamsplitter can also be used to combine two light beams if the beam splitter is positioned at an intersection of the two paths at a specific angle to each of the paths. Beamsplitters/combiners are currently used in many applications such as broadband data communications. A typical optical communications system comprises a transmitter of optical signals, a length of transmission optical fiber coupled to the source, and a receiver coupled to the fiber for receiving the signals. Within the receiver or other components within such systems it is often desirable to split the propagation of a single optical light beam into two or more split light beams propagating in different directions. The beam splitter is used to branch a single light beam into two or more light beams. Laser beams can be split by beam splitters that comprise a partially reflective and partially transparent surface so that an incident laser beam is partially reflected and partially transmitted so that the beam is effectively split into two parts. Beamsplitters used in optical systems are often required to have a nearly spectrally neutral and nonpolarizing response over a large bandwidth. A polarizing beam splitter capable of diffraction at varying efficiency with the direction of polarization is used on various kinds of optical devices.
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