Metal halide lamp
A metal halide lamp is a high intensity discharge (HID) lamp including a light emitting tube having various metal halides sealed therein together with mercury and a rare gas for improving the light emitting efficiency and the color rendering properties of the lamp. Metal halide discharge lamps have been used in a wide variety of fields because of its superior performances, such as high luminance, high efficiency, and high color rendering properly. A metal halide discharge lamp comprises a light-emitting tube provided with a pair of electrodes arranged to face each other. A rare gas, a halide of a light-emitting metal, and mercury are sealed in the light-emitting tube to form the metal halide discharge lamp. In a metal halide lamp, mercury, rare gas and metal halide are encapsulated in an arc tube for purposes of emission with color reproduction. Scandium, sodium, dysprosium, neodymium, tin, thulium, or cerium is used as a compound of iodine or bromine for this metal halide. These metal halides are present as a liquid in the vicinity of the wall of the arc tube during luminous operation of the lamp. Generally, a metal halide lamp is provided with a discharge vessel filled with an ionizable gas filling including a rare gas, a metal halide, and mercury (Hg). Such a metal halide lamp is practical for use in various light fixtures because of its high efficacy and good color rendering properties. The metal halide discharge lamp is classified into a short arc type and a long arc type. The short arc type metal halide discharge lamp is used in projectors such as an LCD projector in which light rays emitted from a lamp are collected so as to be projected onto a screen. A small short arc type metal halide discharge lamp has come to be used in recent years as a headlamp of a vehicle in place of a halogen lamp. Metal halide lamps typically incorporate a tubular shield surrounding the pressurized arc tube to absorb the impact of dispersing shards in the event the arc tube fractures. Both the shield and the arc tube are supported by a metal frame mounted to the stem, which frame is electrically isolated from the leads for the arc tube. Metal halide lamps using ceramic arc tubes have been used widely for indoor lighting in stores and shops because such metal halide lamps have higher luminous efficiency, higher color rendering and longer service lives when compared to metal halide lamps using quartz arc tubes.
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