High intensity discharge (HID) lamp
High intensity lighting systems are in widespread use in commercial and industrial applications. High intensity discharge (HID) lamps are also referred to as high luminance discharge lamps or high-pressure discharge lamps. The HID lamps are not only excellent in light emission efficiency relative to consumption power but also generate less amount of heat for an identical amount of light and have higher safety compared with halogen lamps. High intensity discharge (HID) lamps are highly desirable for commercial markets due to their superior light efficiency in terms of lumens produced per watt and the variety of power ranges in which they are available. Known classes of HID lamps include low pressure mercury and sodium vapor, high pressure sodium vapor, and metal halide discharge lamps. All of these HID lamp classes share a basic principle of operation, in which an electric discharge is created and sustained between electrically energized electrodes. Different ones of these classes have different numbers of electrodes and different electrode configurations. HID lamps include an arc tube supported within an outer lamp envelope. The arc tube comprises a generally tubular body of light transmissive material such as quartz or ceramic material which forms a hermetically sealed light emitting chamber containing the lamp fill material and an inert fill gas. The metal halide lamp, one of the HID lamps, is characterized by its high luminous efficiency, high color temperature and long life compared with the halogen lamp. The arc tube of the metal halide lamp contains metal halides which are mixtures of some metals such as sodium and scandium with halogen such as iodine, high pressure xenon serving as a starting gas, and mercury. The HID lamp starts discharge by the application of a high voltage at about several kV upon starting and, continues discharge subsequently by applying a relatively low lamp voltage of several tens to several hundreds volts and the HID lamps is put in a lighted state along with increasing lamp voltage. High intensity discharge lamps are typically coupled to an electronic ballast which provides an alternating current (AC) signal to the lamps.
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