Signal converter
There’re many types of signal converters with various applications. Signal converters are applied, for example, to switching power supplies. Signal converters, both digital-to-analog converters (DAC) and analog-to-digital converters (ADC), are ubiquitous in applications involving digital signal processing of real-world signals such as those found in communication systems, instrumentation, and audio and video processing systems. A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) or analog to digital converter (ADC) is an important constituent of the input/output circuit of each of various control systems which utilize digital data processors, for example, computers. Computer based systems commonly are employed by automated systems to acquire and process data. Often, the sensors employed by the automation system produce an analog measurement signal that must be converted to digital signals by an analog to digital converter before the signals can be received and processed by the computer. In digital communication systems such as a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a time division multiple access (TDMA) system, and a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) system, a digital signal is modulated and the modulated digital signal is then converted into an analog signal as an output signal of baseband circuits at the baseband final stage. Modulation is the process of varying a carrier signal according to the pattern provided by another signal. In the field of data communications, modulators convert digital signals into analog signals suitable for transmission by using the digital signal as a pattern that determines the wave shape that the analog signal will have. Analog-to-digital converters convert analog signals such as speech, music, and video and transform it into a digital form, which can be more readily processed by most conventional computers and microprocessors. An audio/video signal converter may be used in low power audio and video applications. As well known, the video signal format in a computer is not directly compatible with the video signal format used in composite video, e.g. television. Thus a signal converter is used to convert computer video signals into signals that may be used for recording to a video cassette recorder or for a display on a television monitor, for instance a large screen monitor. In digital audio devices, for example, a CD (compact disk) player, etc., D/A converter applying an over sampling technology to obtain continuous analog voice signals from the discrete music data (digital data). Such a D/A converter generally uses a digital filter to raise a pseudo sampling frequency by interpolating input digital data, and outputs smooth analog voice signals by passing each interpolation value through a low-pass filter after generating a staircase signal waveform with each interpolation value held by the sample holding circuit.
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Analog to digital converter (ADC)
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