RFID transponder
Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems generally consist of at least one host reader and a plurality of transponders. Radio frequency identification systems rely on radio frequency transponders to transfer information to interrogation stations. Radio frequency identification transponders (tags) are operated in conjunction with RFID base stations for a variety of inventory-control, security and other purposes. A radio frequency (RF) transponder system typically comprises an RF reader unit and a radio frequency identification (RFID) device. The RFID device is commonly termed an RFID tag. An RFID transponder generally includes a semiconductor memory in which information may be stored. An RFID interrogator containing a transmitter-receiver unit is used to query an RFID transponder that may be at a distance from the interrogator. The RFID transponder detects the interrogating signal and transmits a response signal containing encoded data back to the interrogator. Operation of the RF transponder system is generally characterized by multiple operating modes including excitation, response and read modes. The transponder is an active or passive radio frequency communication device, which is directly attached to or embedded in an article to be identified or otherwise characterized by the reader, or is alternatively embedded in a portable substrate, such as a card, keyfob, tag, or the like. Information transferred by a radio frequency transponder system typically comprises identification data, but can also include messages, depending on the sophistication of the electronics used in the system. Passive radio frequency transponders extract their power from the electromagnetic field provided by the interrogator, while an active radio frequency transponder includes a radio transceiver and a battery power source to enable it to transmit a signal to a remote receiver. A passive transponder is dependent on the host reader as its power supply. In contrast, an active transponder is not dependent on the reader as its power supply, but is instead powered up by its own internal power source, such as a battery. Once the transponder is powered up, the transponder communicates information to the reader and the reader can likewise communicate information back to the transponder without the reader and transponder coming in contact with one another. The advantage to using active transponders is that they typically have increased range over passive transponders, but the disadvantage is that they require a battery power source to achieve that increased range. RFID transponders find a large and growing number of applications such as employee identity badges, animal identity devices, retail pricing and inventory devices, retail security devices, manufacturing product and material tracking devices, and vehicle identification devices.
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