Voltage multiplier
Voltage multipliers are electrical circuits used for generating operational voltages higher than a power supply voltage provided from an external source. Voltage multiplier circuits employ capacitors and diodes to effect voltage multiplication by means of charge pumping. Typically, a voltage multiplier circuit receives two fixed input voltages, one of the input voltages being the power supply voltage and the other being a clock voltage. The voltage multiplier provides an output voltage being the sum of its two input voltages. A voltage multiplier circuit may include two or more voltage multiplier stages to provide an output voltage that is two or more times the input power supply voltage. Applications of voltage multiplier circuits include providing relatively high voltage within integrated circuits, and multiplying the voltage output of high voltage power supplies. In motor vehicle systems it is frequently necessary to connect loads which are connected to ground to the operating voltage via an electronic switch without a voltage drop arising at the closed switch in order to ensure that the voltage drop at the load is as far as possible equal to the operating voltage. Electronic systems quite often require that higher voltages than the supply voltage be generated internally thereof. As is well known, in many applications concerning electronic circuits integrated on semiconductor there is a requirement to generate voltages higher than the power supply. Voltage multipliers are typically used in non-volatile memory arrays in which the high voltage is required to program or erase the non-volatile memory cells.
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