Thermistor
Thermistors (thermally sensitive resistors), are ceramic semiconductors which exhibit large changes in electrical resistance with corresponding changes in temperature. The thermistor may employ NTC (negative temperature coefficient) material whose resistance is decreased as temperature increases or PTC (positive temperature coefficient) material whose resistance is increased as temperature increases. The thermistor is used to provide a signal voltage that changes as a function of the change in resistance of the temperature sensor. The most important characteristics of thermistors are an extremely high temperature coefficient of resistance and precise resistance versus temperature characteristics. The sensitivity to temperature change can result in a thermistor resistance change of 10 million to one over an operating temperature range. Because of their sensitivity, accuracy, and stability, thermistors are generally accepted to be the most advantageous sensor for many applications including temperature measurement, compensation, and control. PTC (positive temperature coefficient) thermistors are well known devices which have been employed in electronic circuits for over current protection and for thermal sensing. The electrical resistivity of a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor increases with increase in temperature. PTC thermistors switch from a low resistance to a high resistance state at a specific temperature. Organic PTC (positive temperature coefficient) thermistors made of an organic thermistor material are coming to be used as circuit protection units for suppressing overcurrents. Such organic PTC thermistor devices make use of an organic thermistor material obtained by dispersing carbon in a resin material such as polyethylene to provide a positive temperature characteristic. In NTC thermistors, their resistivity decreases approximately exponentially with temperature. NTC thermistors used for temperature measurement and compensation are usually made from various compositions including the oxides of manganese, nickel, cobalt, copper, iron, and other metals to form a ceramic semiconductor material.
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NTC thermistor
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