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Ceramic resistor

Electrical resistor materials with nonlinear current-voltage characteristics in the form of sintered ceramic masses are known in numerous compositional varieties. A main group of these materials has a zinc oxide base, to which other metal oxides are added for the formation of insulating grain boundary intermediate layers. Ceramic resistors formed of a compound and/or a complex compound containing at least four metallic or metalloid elements including Mg and Si have resistance against high voltage pulses and high power surges, and also have thermal resistance because their main constituent is ceramic. Thus, they have particular advantages which other resistors do not have. Ceramic resistors of doped barium titanate display relatively low electrical resistance in one temperature range and display very sharply increased resistance when heated to an anomaly temperature, the noted resistance levels and the anomaly temperature being characteristic of the particular resistor composition. These resistors have found wide use as thermal sensing control elements, as self-regulating electrical heaters, and as current limiting devices.

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