computer hardware, consumer electronics, electronic components

PCB assembly

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) generally comprise a composite of organic and inorganic materials with external and internal metal traces, permitting assembled electronic components to be mechanically supported and electrically connected. A printed circuit board assembly incorporates an opening into which at least one integrated circuit package at least partially fits. A plurality of electrical connection pads are disposed about the periphery of the opening. Corresponding leads of the integrated circuit package are bonded to the pads. The overall assembly is thinner than an assembly lacking the opening. Printed circuit boards are typically constructed from a glass laminate board which is clad with a conductive layer for the creation of a printed circuit. By means of a photoresist coating and photographic art work, a circuit layout is created. The component leads may either be soldered directly to the surface of circuit pads or with larger components holes may be drilled through the circuit pads in order to receive the component leads. In the manufacture of electrical and electronic products, it is essentially universal practice to create circuits by soldering components to printed circuit boards which incorporate conductive traces interconnecting the components in the desired manner. Several methods of soldering are currently used, such as printing solder paste and reflowing the paste, placing solder preforms on the pads and then reflowing the preforms to solder the component in place, mass soldering (wave soldering) the components in place, or providing the solder on the board in reflowed form prior to placing the component. Flexible circuits are typically constructed on a polymer based film. The circuit traces and pad images are reverse imaged on a fine screen and are printed onto the polymer film using conductive silver ink or anisotropic adhesive and standard screen printing techniques, with different patterns on opposite sides of the film. In the course of PCB assembly, a printed circuit board is loaded with electronic components and then undergoes an inspection process for determining the status of the assembly. As the complexity and data processing speeds of electronic products continue to increase, the properties of the interconnecting circuitry which connects complex and high speed circuit devices become more pronounced and must be carefully analyzed to ensure reliable circuit performance.


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