Shaft encoder
Shaft encoders are electromechanical devices which provide the most efficient method of digitizing the variable properties of a rotating shaft. Shaft encoders are used for tracking shaft information, including shaft position, velocity, and direction of rotation, and providing an electrical feedback of such information. Optical shaft encoders are well known for their use in determining the angular position of a rotating shaft. Such optical shaft encoders are used in various types of machinery and machine tools where information concerning the precise angular relationship between a shaft and another component is needed. Optical shaft encoders generally consist of an optical shutter, such as a disk or drum, which is rigidly attached to a shaft whose position or speed of rotation is to be determined. The optical shutter is used to modulate the transmission of light between a light emitter and a light detector (e.g. a photodiode or phototransistor). Absolute encoders provide digital signals indicative of the variable properties of a rotating shaft in the form of a unique binary word for each discrete shaft position definable within the resolution limitation of any given device. Incremental shaft angle encoders are used to resolve the position and movement of a code wheel which rotates with a shaft. Such encoders include a light source for emitting a light beam, an array of transparent windows and opaque spokes on the code wheel for modulating the light beam in response to rotation of the wheel, and a detector assembly for receiving modulated light in producing electrical signals indicating the amount of light received by the photodetectors.
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